Pie charts and conclusions

Pie charts and conclusions
Here are the pie charts for our tally's:

Out of the 30 questionnaires we handed out, 15 of the participants were male and 15 were female so our documeanty will not be bias a particular gender.

The majority of the participants were aged over 41, so our documentary may be weighted towards that age group. However, we did have several from the 36-40 group and the 26-30 group, so this balances out any bias.

Out of the 30 participants, almost a third of them picked blue as their favourite colour, meaning that we should use the colour blue in our documentary, perhaps in the title sequence, rolling credits or the graphics. Red was the second most popular colour so we might also include that.

More than a third of the participants said that the genre pop music was their favourite type of music, so our documentary should include mostly music from this genre so it will appeal to our target audience. The second most popular genre was rock music so our documentary could include some music from this genre too.

More then half of the participants said that they generally watched television between 17:30 and 21:00 which is a clear majority which you can see form the pie chart above, so we should aim to put our documentary out during these hours so that the target audience will be more likely to watch it and we will get more viewers.

The majorityof the participants said that they watch Channel 4 the most so our documentary should be broadcast on this channel. However, almost a third said that they most often watched BBC1, so our documentary could also be broadcast there as there was little difference between the the two.

The majority of the participants said that they watched television the most on a Friday, so our documentary should be broadcast on this day. Sunday was also a popular day to watch television so if our documentary does not fit into the schedule of a Friday then we will probibly use sunday.

A large majority of participants said that they think greed is bad, so this helps us to decide which way the audience already lean so we know which way we should portray the idea of greed in our documentary.

Out of the 30 participants, 20 said that they think money does make you happy, so we can use this in some way in our documentary, perhaps as a statistic e.g. "two thirds of people asked said that they think money makes people happy".

Here are some audio clips of people answering our questionnaire :

Audience feedback tally

After we conduced our questionnaires we then tallied the result.

Here is the tally for each question.

1. Are you male or female?
Yes- 15
No- 15

2. How old are you?
15-20- 2
21-25- 3
26-30- 4
31-35- 3
36-40- 6
41+- 12

3.What is your favourite colour?
Blue- 9
Red- 6
Black- 2
Green- 4
Pink- 1
Yellow- 3
Orange- 2
Purple- 3

4. What genre of music do you listen to?
Country- 1
Pop- 12

Electronic- 1

Soul- 1

Indie- 3

R 'n' B - 3

Rock - 7

Classical- 1

Folk- 1

5. What type of day do you watch the television most?
6:00-9:00 - 0
9:30-12:00 - 0
12:30-15:00- 2
15:30-17:00- 2
17:30-21:00- 16
21:00+ - 10

6. Which terrestrial channels do you watch the most?
BBC1- 9
BBC2- 3
ITV - 7
Channel 4- 10
Channel five- 1

7. What do you watch TV the most?
Mondays- 3
Tuesdays- 1
Wednesdays- 3
Thursdays- 2
Friday- 9
Saturday- 5
Sunday- 7

8. Is greed bad?
Yes- 25
No- 5

9. Why do you think this?

Yes
Selfish- 9
Wanting unnecessary things-1
Leads to power and wealth- 1
Redistribution of wealth and resources- 1
Nobody will like you- 2
So many people can do without- 2
Unfair- 1
Encourages exploitative behaviour- 1
Excess of anything is bad- 1
More you get the more you want- 1
Makes you contented - 1
Too much that people don't need- 1
People will do anything to get what they want- 1
Makes people mean- 1
Makes people resentful and bitter- 1

No
Working for it- 2
Can't get anywhere without it- 2
Helps you get things- 1

10. Does money make you happy?
Yes- 20
No- 10

11. What three words come to mind when you think of greed?
Fat- 1
Banker- 2
Cheat- 1
Selfish- 11
Nasty- 1
Walt Street- 1
Gluttony- 3
Hungry- 1
Self centred-1
Jealousy- 1
You want everything- 2
Bills- 1
The government- 2
Food- 4
Money- 3
Paris Hilton-1
Misery-1
Mean spirited-1
Resentful- 2
Rupert Murdoch-1
Rich people-1
Excess-1
Egotist-1
Uncaring-1
Focused-1
Isolation-1
Cars- 1
Fat cat in the city-1
Corruption- 1
Control- 1
Power- 2
Poverty- 1

Questionnaire

We then came up with a questionnaire to give our target audience to help us decide what to included in our documentary to make it appeal more to our audience.

Here is our documentary:

1. Are you Male or Female (please circle)

2. How old are you? (Please circle)

15-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41+

3. What is your favourite colour? ________________________

4. What genre of music do you listen to? ____________________

5. What time of day do you watch the television most? (Please circle)

06:00-09:00 09:30-12:00 12:30-15:00 15:30-17:00 17:30-21:00 21:00+

6. Which terrestrial channels do you watch the most? (Please circle)

BBC1 BBC2 ITV Channel 4 Five

7. What day do you watch TV the most? _____________________

8. Is greed bad? (Please circle)

Yes No

9. What do you think this?

__________________________________________________________________

10. Does money make you happy? (Please circle)

Yes No

11. What comes to mind when you think of greed?

__________________________________________________________________

Brain stroms

After analysing a number of documentaries and researching the conventions of the scheduling of programmes on terrestrial television we then started brain storming idea's for our own documentary.

Here is the brain storm we came up with as a group:

As a group we then decided on the theme of 'greed', here is our mind map for our ideas on greed.

Scheduling

Scheduling

Segments

The segments of the schedule for each day:

Breakfast

Daytime

Children's

Prime time

Late Night

Target Audiences

The target audiences for each segments :

Breakfast - differs according to channel

Daytime - House wife's, parents and the elderly

Children - Children and their parents

Late Night - Adults

Popular Genres

The most popular genres on television are :

Soap opera's

The news

Documentaries

Game shows

Talk shows

Reality shows

Sit-coms

Target audience for terrestrial channels

The target audience for each terrestrial channels:

BBC 1: mixed - direct competitor with ITV (mass broadcasting)
BBC 2: well educated people, minority channel
ITV: mixed - direct competitor with BBC 1 (mass broadcasting)
C4: young adults/ teenagers BUT competitive with BBC 2 for a well educated audience
Channel 5: Mixed - mass audience

Repeats

The percentage for each channels schedules that are taken up by repeats is :

BBC1 + ITV : 1/2% - Its rare for repeats in peak time

BBC2+ Channel 4 + Channel 5 : 50%+ - It is cheap and saves money

The watershed

It starts at 9 o'clock because it is assumed that children are in bed so they can include swearing, sexual references and more violence.

However the watershed time is changing due to children going to bed later.

Inheritance

You put a programme on after an establishment programme to get their audience

Pre-echoing

Scheduling a programme before a popular established programmes

Hammocking

Putting it in-between two established programmes

Audience Fragmentation - People are less loyal to channels due to more channels.

Codes and conventions

Codes and Conventions of a Documentary Genre

Single strand narrative

Editing: Cut is most common edit - does not distract from what is going on, on screen

Voice over - holds the narrative together (glue) Variety of relevance

Relevant depending on topic, relevant age to the topic, standard english, calm and clear delivery

Creative and Varied Camerawork - conventional framing on interviews - sitting on a stable chair

Camera usually static on a tripod not hand held

Images (moving and still) - Camera movement when filmin still images

Archive material

If Chromakey is used it shouldn't detract from an interview

Relevant music - doesnt abtract ot interfeer with the interview

Graphics - Anchor person - time, place and relevance to programme 0 usually 2 lines

In Interviews:
-Interviewee positioned to left or right of frame

-If more than one interviewee, it alternates

-Interviewees filmed in medium shot, medium close up and close up

-Questions are edited out

-Mise-en-scene - background reinforces the content of the interview and is relevan to the interviewee, providing mroe information abut them in terms of ocupation or personal environment.

-Graphics are used to anchor who the person is on screen and their relevance to the topic of the documentary.

-Always look at the interviewer, never the camera, never gives direct address.

-Positioning of the interviewer is therefore important. If the interviewee is on the right of the frame the interviewer is to the left of the camera and vice versa.

-Framing follows the rule of thirds. The eye line of the interviewee is always one third of the way down the screen regardless of the framing; even in close up.

-Interviews are never filmed with a light source behind the interviewee. ie. in front of a window or with the sun behind them, the light is always in front of them, --behind the camera.

-Cuts are always edited into the interviews to break them up and illustrate what they're talking about and to avoid jump cuts when the questions are edited out.

-All interviewees are sat down so that they remain still which makes for constant filming.

-Cuts are always archive material

-Cut aways are suggested by something said in the interview and therefore filmed after the interview

Documentary anaylsis five

Documentary Analysis

My boyfriend the MI5 hoaxer

Type of documentary :

Mixed documentary.

Themes:

Money,stalking,holidays, worry, lies and fantasy worlds.

Narrative Structure:

Linear

Single strand narrative

Closed narrative

Camera work:

Begins with an establishing shots to set the scene - establishing shots continue as they follow Leanne to work.

Zooming in of the whisky shop sign - reiterates what she is saying.

Interviewee on one side, introduction text on opposite side, interviewee not looking at the camera but at the interviewer- following the codes and conventions of interviews.

Close up of nails being painted in a salon ' this is the lifestyle you could have'

Two shot of the girls in the beauty salon to follow both sides of the conversation.

Close up of the shop Leanne works in.

Tracking of the police car

Panning across the top floor of the police building.

Camera work made to look like its from Wayne's point of view as it following Leanne ( stalking her)

Establishing shot of the town they live in.

Camera tracking alongside the street whilst driving when its dark at night time- following another car ( all builds up tension)

Camera tracking Leanne as she walks in to the airport.

Close up of Leanne's face - reaction shot.

Over the shoulder shot as Leanne is talking in to the mirror telling us her story.

Throughout the documentary the feeling of stalking and the feeling that something is not right is portrayed throughout through the use of camera work.

Mise-en-scene:

Interviewee with Leanne in her bedroom

Cafe restaurant - having a meal.

Leanne then in 'Waynes bedroom' change of mise-en-scene due to change in the topic of conversation and change of feeling being portrayed.

Parents living room during interview - dark lighting to reiterate dark feeling.

Police car park during interview during interview with police man.

Sound:

Music starts of in a cheery and happy tone to reiterate Leanne's mood.

Music starts to get less happy throughout to show things are getting worse for Leanne.

Narrative voice is male and he speaks in standard English.

Music turns from negative music to action sounding music to build up tension.

Narrative voice reint

roduces documentary after adverts.

Leanne's quotes are mixed up with music to show her confused state of mind 'you've got mental issues, your mental' 'you stupid bitch'.

Editing :

Montage of archive

images of Wayne.

Close up of paperwork

Faded out shot of traffic lights - confused state of mind.

Close ups of certain objects - no smoking sign,remote control and the chain on the door.

Slow motion of the wine being pouring in to a glass and of the tap dripping.

Light on her face is dark during the rest of her story.

Close up of newspaper article, the camera tracks along it so the audience can read it.

At the end it shows Leanne boxing in slow motion to show she has regained her self power and happiness.

Archive Material:

Pictures of Wayne in black and white.

Camera footage from CCTV showing brake in's that have happened in the shop.

Documents

Photos of Leanne at Christmas showing how happy she was.

Pictures from all of their holidays.

Newspaper articles

Sound footage of Wayne from the police tapes of his side of the story.

Graphics:

The title 'My boyfriend the MI5 hoaxer' is written in a white font.

'My boyfriend' is written in handwriting and 'THE MI5 HOAXER' is written in bold block capitals.

The writing intruding interviewees is written in the same white font in the same way :

Mary

LEANNE'S AUNT

Rolling credits is also written in the same way.

Documentary anaylsis four

Documentary Analysis

Supersize Me

Type of documentary:

Mixed

Themes :

Macdonald's

Social Affairs - Health

How industry effects the audience

Narrative structure :

Closed narrative -finished with a question

Single strand narrative

Camera work :

Zooming in and out

Close up's are used a lot

Two shot used for conversation - mid shot

Tracking used to follow presenter - tracking him

Close up of people interviewed - questions edited out or two s

hots of interviewee and interviewer - questions kept in

Mise-en-scene:

Doctors office- reiterates message of health

Macdonalds stores

Offices - shows the importance and professionalism of person being interviewed.

Street scene - shops, take away's ect

Moving- mise-en-scene- durin

g interviews and stills.

Sound:

Background music - cheery tune - no lyrics

Continuous narrator (voice of god) male voice - used of standard English

Music or voices faded in and out in-between narration

Music reiterates images 'rock and roll macdonalds'

Editing:

Cutaways - Fat people, A

merican flag+map, macdonalds

Moving image of kids singing + fat people walking

Cutaways reiterate message.

Fast forward people walking getting food

Moving quickly from shot to shot -fast cuts

Camera placed in one spot - footage fast forwarded
Flicks from main documentaries and interviews

Archive Material:

Images of mother

Images of childhood

Old posters and Mcdonalds adverts

Conference health services

Montage of models and illnesses

Images of 'Burt basken' images reiterate interviewee's dialogue.

Graphics :

Moving writing writing on screen - fading in and out
Name of new people appears on screen.

Day number at bottom of screen

Cartoons made- moving images.

Documentary anaylsis three

Documentary Analysis

Lara Croft

Type of documentary:
Mixed

Themes:
The effect of computer games
The repsentation of women
Influence of the media

Narrative Structure:
Closed narrative structure
Single Strand
Non Liner

Camerawork:
Fast motion through the computer place
Left or right
Close up and medium close up and extreme close up
Point of view shot of the game tracking shot and zoom also used
Over the shoulder shot

Mise-en-scene
Game in the background of the interviewed
Chromakey, in the background
Linked it to what was being said
Out of focused
Low key lighting used

Sound:
Non Digetic Music used from the game, reason for this is to get the target audience.
Non digetic music used Madonna’s music
Male and Female voice over
Stated English

Editing:
Interview on a screen in an editing box
Fast Motion editing
Cut shots
Super imposed

Archive Material:
Cutaways of the game
Cutaways of the film
Goes through what people say about her and what they think of her websites
Advert for Nike

Graphics:
To tell people who someone is
At the bottom of the opposite of the interviewer
Low case in white
Rolling credits
Speech bubbles used

Documentary analysis two

Documentary Analysis

The marketing of Meatloaf - 'The music biz'

Type of documenary :

Mixed documentary ( parts of it fly on the wall to make it more authentic)

Themes:

The music industry

Meatloaf - the comeback

The making of a music video

Marketing of a celebrity

Manipulation of audience

The chanels you have to go through to be number one.

Camerawork:

Opening shot - low angle panning down to set the scene

Camera tracking to follow the ecent as it happens

Zooming in to certain objects/people to reiterate what they are talking about.

Hand held camera work used in the press areas

Lots of observation of the situation used.

Quick cuts of archieve material.

It flicks between the filing of the video archieve materials.

The filming of the interview is conventional - medium close up or close up or extreme close up used.

Point of view shot used in the bookies.

Panning and zooming is used alot.

Mise-en- scene:

Brit awards - fans - celebrities- this shows it is a music documentary.

Still images used being interviewees to not tae away for what they are saying.

Images changed to anchor the message.

Studio background used during the interview of meatloaf this shows he is a very hard working and driven man.

Chromacky is used alot - blue and green screen.

Sound :

Narrator - male voice over using a dry and sarcastic tone. Use of standard English.

Noise of fans screaming

Meatloafs music placed throughout

Negative sounds placed with the man talking about 'the bad out of hell two'

Music finishing off narrators sentence 'moving on up'

Tense music used when going up the chart.

Editing:

Cutaways to images - stills and moving

Interviewees faced in and out.

Text also faded in and out.

Text moving across the screen

Cut editing used.

Fast motion editing used out MTV

Editors also use slow motion

They have conventional editing during interviews for example no questions where asked.

Archive Material:

Brit wards 1994

Still and moving images of Meatloaf.

TV show footage

Slow motion as the concert is being performed

Zooming in on a past article

Top of the pops footage

Montage of magazines and newspapers on Meatloaf - extreme close up.

Graphics:

Graphics to introduce who is talking- placed at bottom of the screen on the alternate side of the interviewee in white writing and sans sarif font.

The title ran across the screen

And it had rolling credits at the end.

Documentary analysis one

Documentary Analysis


The devil made me do it


Type of documentary:

Mixed

Themes:

Crimes for example, murder.
The devil
Worship
Religion
Youth v Parents
Power of the media

Narrative Structure:

Non linear as it started at the end and then tell the story.
Open structure narrative

Camera work:

A fan in the crowd at the Marilyn Manson concert - establishing shot ( outside/ inside building)
Interviews: Close up, medium close up, low angle, interviewee's positioned to left or right .
Rule of thirds used- eyeline positioned a third of the way down.
Marilyn Manson panned up to to connote power.
Hand held camera work used as some of it is real footage.
Point of view shot of insepctor (creative editing)
Close up of faces - stock footage- churches, relogious iconography ( low/high angle)
Tracking of police inspector, panning, zoom of still images, crain in cementary.
Tracking on Manson walking through Rome.
P.O.V shot of nun as dies - we are positioned as voyers.
Crain shot used in the cementary.
Conventional interview rules used - mostly used a medium close up
Long shot of deserted streets.

Mise-en-scene:

Inspector- cap of officer appeared large with humself smaller behind it ( low angle )
Isolated nun
Man visiting graveyard
Lighting on most of stock footage their very dark apart from one orange or blue glwo ( Off lamp)
Marilyn Manson one to one interviews- low angle connotes power
His face is half in the dark and halfin the light connoting good v bad.

Sound:

Voice over- is a male narrator using standard English, who is very calm in delivery, he is the glue that holds the narration together.
Translating voice over same age and gender of the person on screen.
Marilyn Manson music used
Religious music used
Sound effects used.

Editing:

Cut edits used
Hours of stock footage edited down and matched what the boy being interviewed said that being bored and seeing nun stood around.
Priest: Entire interview audio and filmed him he looks very tired, quiet roads ahead signifies loneliness, the lighting of light then dark on the priest's face is a dramatic affect.
Killing of the nun: door, the heart beat speeds up and then slows down and then stops when dead. Hitting with the rock and then stabbing alongside the dog barking. Breathing and whispering. Then the church bell singly strikes at death.
When Manson fans are on screen they use orchestral music for juxtaposition.
Eliptical editing used - fade to black.

Archive Material

News footage- police investigation, the nuns funeral, the girl leaving the court.
American TV- colomy massacre
Manson music video
Girls with Marilyn Manson on their chest.
Italian TV shows
Newspaper cuttings

Graphics:

Font is sans serif in a white colour when the name is placed to the apposing side of the interviewee at the bottom of the screen. There name is in a bigger font then there job title.
Cruisifix instead of the letter 'T' in the title.
Font on the screen to let the audience know the context for example dates and locations.
White text used to close the narrative of trail which was fitting in with the audio being spoken.
Rolling credits at the end.

Documentaries- The different types

Documentaries- The different types


The purpose of the documentary is to document, that is to report with evidence, with something that has actually happened. It can show this by using actual footage or reconstruction. It can use a narrators voice over to anchor the meaning or rely on the participants themselves with perhaps the occasional interjection by the narrator.


John Grierson- General post office film unit in 1962
He invented the term documentary and he said that 'The creative treatment of actuality'


Documentaries are just about facts, instead facts are used to create social critical arguments. Thereby inviting the audience to draw their own conclusions.


Features of documentaries


John Corner of University of Liverpool


There are five central elements of the documentary


1. Observation - The programme makes pretend that the camera is unseen or ignored by the people taking part in the events. It is like being an eye witness as the events unfold.


2. Interview - Most important aspect. They give opinions and information.


3.Dramatisation - All the documentaries use a sense of drama through the observing element. They also use dramatic reconstruction or used in the observation.


4. Mise-en-scene - Documentary makes carefully constructed shots.


5. Exposition - The line of the argument in a documentary. What the documentary is 'saying'


Types of documentaries


Fully narrated- Commentary throughout to reiterate the images shown on screen and it makes sense of the visuals on screen. The narrator always authoritative but it always off screen.


Fly on the wall- Avoids voices over or commentary camera is non-abrasive as possible. It is like a window in the world, audiences can see as much of the reality as possible. They use a indirect address to the audience, relativity long takes, diagetic sound and they tend to focus on the specific individuals.


Mixed documentary- A combination of interview observation and actually, achieve material and narration to audience the argument/narrative. The narrator is often on screen.


Self reflexive - Documentary maker gives his/her angle on the subject, subject of documentary realises the presence of the camera and speaks directly to the programme maker. They draw attention to the film makers rule in constructing a view of reality.


Docudrama- A re-enactment of events as they are supposed to actually happened.


Docusoaps- A hybrid/combination of styles for example 'airport'. The follow a group of characters. They also focus on entertainment rather then social commentary. They have a soap like structure- several interviewing plot lines.


Drama documentary- A documentary work, usually on television or radio, in which real events are re-enacted by actors, or in which real events and characters are mingled with fictional ones.


Structure


Narrative structure open- lose ends that are not tied up at the end
V's
Narrative structure closed - there's a definite conclusion to the narrative


Linear- Follows chronological order


Non-linear - Things are not in time order, use of flashback or flash-forward.


Circular - The beginning is the same as the end.


Interviews


An interview can be held anywhere but the setting does affect meaning. Normally begin the factual information and questions first to put the interviewee at ease, then the more taxing and emotional questions at the end.


Visuals


Television is a visual medium. The programme needs to stimulating to maintain the audiences interest. They have to entertain. Archive material street scene, open countryside, close up of face is the main part of the stock material used to suggest the intended meaning or emotional equalities of a particular theme. Interviews can be held anywhere but the setting does affect the meaning.


Construction of reality


The media are responsible for the majority of the observation and experience from which we build up our personal understandings of the world and how it works. Much of our view of reality is based on media messages that have been pre- constructed and have attitudes, interceptions and conclusions already built in. The media, to a great extent gives us our sense of reality.


Gate keeping - The selection and rejection of information/content for inclusion in the media text.


Editing process - Chop up the interview. Where gate keeping happens in a documentary.


Voice over- Can affect the meaning.


Vox pop


Vox populis - voice of the people


Technique consists of the street interviews of the general public asked the same question, the answers are then strung together in a fast sequence, they are good for suggesting a general agreement or the diversity of opinion.
You set a camera up in the street and ask passers by the same question.


Narrative Conventions


Documentaries rely heavily on traditional conventions of narrative i.e beginning, middle and end.


Beginning- Central question of the documentary can be posed at the beginning in a intriguing way.
Most dramatic pieces of action footage can also be placed at the start of some quick interview cuts in conflict with each other can get the audiences attention.


Middle- Often examines the issue in human terms focussing on people and their opinions. Conflict is strengthened in the middle section however conflicting evidence may be introduced but all complications must eventually support the exposition ( line of argument).


End - Exposition is fully apparent by the end. The audience has no doubts to what the programme is saying and there may even be a course of action the audience can take to address the problem.